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PART 1: ENGLISH-VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION
INSTRUCTIONS: Translate the following passages into Vietnamese
Passage 1:
GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) EMISSIONS AND CONCENTRATIONS
Human activities associated with the emissions of GHGs have unequivocally caused global warming, with observed global surface temperature in 2013-2022 reaching 1.15 °C above pre-industrial levels (1850-1900), of which 1.14 °C can be attributed to human influence. GHG emissions have continued to increase, with unequal historical and ongoing contributions arising from the use of fossil fuels, land use and land-use change,lifestyles and patterns of consumption and production across regions, between and within countries, and among individuals.
According to the Global Carbon Project, total CO2 emissions from human activities remained high in 2022, with an estimated 40.6 billion tons of carbon dioxide (GtCO2)emitted. Fossil CO2 emissions are estimated to have risen 1% in 2022 relative to 2021,primarily driven by growth in oil use as the aviation sector rebounded following the COVID-19 pandemic. Coal emissions increased globally by about 1% in 2022, while emissions from natural gas declined.
The remaining carbon budget compatible with a 50% of chance of limiting global warming to 1.5°C continues to be depleted and has now been reduced to around 250 GtCO2 based on a recent update of the IPCC estimate. If total CO2 emissions stay at current levels, then this remaining budget would be exhausted before 2030, inexorably leading to overshoot of 1.5 °C global warming.
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