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production processes.
[Paragraph 4] As time passed, this favourable period for organisations began to decline. In the neo-industrial age, people became more discriminating in the goods and services they wished to buy and,as technological advancements brought about increased productivity, supply overtook demand.
Companies began, increasingly, to look abroad for additional markets.
[Paragraph 5] At the same time, organisations faced more intensive competition from abroad for their own products and services. In the West, this development was accompanied by a shift in focus from manufacturing to service, whether this merely added value to manufactured products, or whether it was service in-its own right. In the neo-industrial age of westem countries, the emphasis moved towards adding value to goods and services - what Goodman calls the value-oriented time, as contrasted with the task- oriented and products/services-oriented times of the past.
[Paragraph 6] Today, in the post-industrial age, most people agree that organisational life is becoming ever more uncertain, as the pace of change quickens and the future becomes less predictable. Writing in 1999, Nadler and Tushman, two US academics, said: 'Poised on the eve of the next century, we are witnessing a profound transformation in the very nature of our business istoric forces have converged Ito fundamentally reshape the scope, strategies, and
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