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Incredible hoaxes
Read the given passage and answer the questions. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
For centuries, people have tried to make money or appear important with hoaxes about various subjects, from fake discoveries to made-up stories about creatures. Hoaxes can be exciting stories that grab our attention, but they are just clever lies. Here are some hoaxes that have made history.The Piltdown Man
Charles Dawson was passionate about archaeology the study of ancient cultures by looking for and examining their buildings, tools, and bones. In 1912, he announced that he had found the creature that developed from monkeys into humans. He claimed to have discovered part of a skull - the bones in our heads that looked human-like among a pile of small stones near Piltdown village in Sussex, England. Dawson and a fossil expert at the National History Museum worked together and found more pieces of bones and some simple tools in the area. They thought all these belonged to the same person. After putting the pieces of bones together, they suggested that this showed evidence of a human living about 500,000 years ago.But in 1949, an expert at the Natural History Museum used special tests and found out that the Piltdown remains were only 50,000 years old. This meant that the Piltdown Man couldn't be the missing link between
monkeys and humans because humans had already evolved into their current form by then. It was also found that the bones were from two different species, a human and a large type of monkey. Under the
microscope, it was possible to see that someone had filed them down to make them look human. They also found out that many of the Piltdown site discoveries had been artificially painted to match the colour of the
local stones.
The Fiji Mermaids
The Fiji mermaids, also known as Feejee mermaids, are nothing like the beautiful, enchanting creatures you might imagine from fantasy film. They are ugly. scary, and quite small - about 30 to 45 cm. Instead of
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gracefully swimming through clear blue waters, they often appear as if they're coming out of a nightmare. P.T. Barnum, a famous showman, played a big part in the fame of Fiji mermaids. It is said that he bought the original mermaid from a fisherman in Japan for his circus.In 1842, Barnum advertised three mermaids at his American Museum in New York, but what people saw inside was shocking-a creature with the body of a fish and the head of a monkey. Despite this strange display.the mermaid became very popular. In reality, these creatures were fake. They were formed by putting together the front body of a monkey and the tail of a fish.
America's Stonehenge "America's Stonehenge" is an intricate network of stone structures in North Salem, New Hampshire, believed to have been built by an ancient development. It's evident that a native society lived in this area, with carbon
dating- a method of calculating the age of ancient objects, indicating that some parts of the site could be as old as 4000 years. Some believe that pre-Columbian European migrants may have built this site for religious customs and ceremonies, although no objects and tools from the Bronze Age have been found in North America.The belief in ancient European colonization in America dates back to the 19th century and has been popularized by various individuals, including archaeologist William Goodwin and author Barry Fell. However, their claims have been disregarded by a wide group of archaeologists due to the lack of reliable evidence. It was thought that William Goodwin built the place to recreate ancient megalithic structures.
1) What initially made Charles Dawson believe he had found a significant link between monkeys and humans?
A.The human-like appearance of the skull pieces found in Piltdown.B. The advanced age of the bones is estimated to be 500,000 years old.
C. The discovery of ancient tools alongside the skull parts.D. The confirmation from a fossil expert at the National History Museum.
2) What was "America's Stonehenge" believed to have been built by?
A. ancient European migrants
B. P.T. Barnum
C. the author Barry Fell D. the natives living in the area
3) What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Throughout history, people have created hoaxes for personal gain and fame.B. The Piltdown Man and the Fiji Mermaid are hoaxes that fooled scientists.
C. Charles Dawson and P.T. Barnum created convincing hoaxes.
D. Archaeology is an interesting field that involves studying ancient cultures.
4) What effect did P.T. Barnum have on the fame of the Fiji mermaids?A He enhanced their reputation as beautiful creatures
on the exam.
