that existed for more than 1,500 years until 1453.
Globalisation then is the increased interconnectivity around the world. But what exactly underlies this globalisation phenomenon, and who or what has contributed to our interconnected world? There are several factors to be considered, a key one being transport. During the 19th century transport and trade boomed with the development of railways and larger ships which facilitated the more efficient movement of people and products around the world. The development of containerisation in the 20th century has furthered this by allowing bulk shipping and lowering the unit cost. Air transport has also made a major contribution to interconnectivity, and played a vital role in facilitating economic growth, particularly in developing countries. Aviation promotes world trade and helps countries contribute to the global economy by increasing access to intemational markets and allowing the globalisation of production. Nearly 62 million tonnes of freight were carried by air in 2017, while the total value of goods transported by air represents 35% of all intemational trade. Aviation is also indispensable for tourism, a major driver of economic growth. Globally, 57%of intemational tourists travel by air.
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