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Reading 1/1:
Read the comparative essay. Then answer the questions
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Writing in Higher Education versus Writing in Secondary School
[1] Writing is a key skill for success in higher education. [2] When students begin their first year of college or university, they soon learn the importance of being competent writers as they write assessed essays, mid-term assessments, and end-of-term examinations. [3] However, the academic writing that students are required to do to succeed in higher education is different in many ways from the writing they did in secondary school. [4] These differences will be discussed in this essay, focusing on three key factors: genre, audience, and purpose. [5] It will be suggested that, among these three factors, adapting to different forms of writing is perhaps the greatest challenge that students face when making the transition to higher education.
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[6] Writing in new genres is one of the main differences and challenges for first-year college and university students. [7] When used in this essay, the term genre will refer to different text types that change according to the form and the situation/context (Giltrow, 2002; Johns, 2001). [8] Consequently.novice students face the challenge of learning to write many different types of essays, which change with the subject area and require knowledge of different organizational structures, writing styles, and rules for citations and references. [9] For example, during their first year, students may be required to write different texts such as summaries, response papers, lab reports, and personal reflective essays, following different genre conventions (the rules associated with writing different text types) in each type. [10] The same cannot be said of writing during secondary school.which is less varied and thus less demanding in terms of genre awareness. [11] Through to the final year of secondary education, many students'experiences of writing are limited to far fewer forms of essay writing. [12] Developing genre awareness is perhaps the most difficult challenge first-year students face. [13] Moreover, to write each type of text in an appropriate way, students must also be aware of the expectations of their
readers.
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[14] The relationship between the writer and the reader (the audience) is the second factor to consider when comparing the demands of writing in
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