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(Choose 1 answer)
(23091)Saunders et al. (2012) maintained that internal validity is established when your research demonstrates a causal relationship between two variables. Which of the following are threats to internal validity?
A. (i) Testing: informed participants may alter their work behavior under research if they believe that research results may affect their future.
B. (ii) Mortality: participants may withdraw from studies, e.g. leaving jobs.
C. (iii) Ambiguity about causal direction: cause and effect are not clear.
D. All of (i), (ii), and (iii).
