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Not all distractions are bad. As most of us know, if we concentrate too intensively on a tough problem, we can get stuck in a mental rut. However, if we let the problem sit unattended for a time, we often return to it with a fresh perspective and a burst of creativity. Research by Dutch psychologist Ap Dijksterhuis indicates that such breaks in our attention give our unconscious mind time to grapple with a problem, bringing to bear information and cognitive processes unavailable to conscious deliberation. We usually make better decisions, his experiments reveal, if we shift our attention away from a mental challenge for a time.
But Dijksterhuis's work also shows that our unconscious thought processes don't engage with a problem until we've clearly and consciously defined what the problem is. If we don't have a particular goal in mind he writes, unconscious thought does not occur. The constant distractedness that the Net encourages is very different from the kind of temporary, purposeful diversion of our mind that refreshes our thinking. What we seem to be sacrificing in our surfing and searching is our capacity to engage in the quieter, attentive modes of thought that underpin
contemplation, reflection and introspection.
1) What do we learn about Patricia Greenfield's research in the first paragraph?
A. It involved collating the results of work done by other people.
Next Question
B. It focused on problems resulting from use of media technologies.C. It did not produce consistent patterns in connection with computer use.
D. It highlighted differences between people when using computers.
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2) Two of the experiments mentioned in the second paragraph concerned.A. The amount of attention people pay to what they see on computers.
B. The use and non-use of computers for studying.
C. Changes that happen if people's computer use increases.
D. The connection between computer use and memory.
3) One of Greenfield's conclusions was that
A. too much emphasis has been placed on the benefits of computer use.
ABCD
computer use has reduced a large number of mental abilities.people do not care about the effects of computer use on their minds.
certain claims about the advantages of computer use are false.
4) One of the pieces of research mentioned in the fourth paragraph indicated that FABC people read online material less carefully than other material.
some people are better at multitasking than others.
'mental juggling' increases the mental abilities of only a few people.
